Resume

• 2011

  Enstiti Travay Sosyal ak Syans Sosyal (ETS) - Institute of Social Work & Social Science

  The State University of New York

  The Children's Center of Wayne County (Detroit)

  University of Michigan

  Pacific News Service

  Port-au-Prince

  Haiti

  Social Work Professor

  Enstiti Travay Sosyal ak Syans Sosyal (ETS) - Institute of Social Work & Social Science

  Ann Arbor

  MI

  Research interests include international social work education

  DDR

  trauma

  human security

  and cross cultural application of mental health interventions.

  PhD candidate Social Work & Political Science

  University of Michigan

  Brockport

  NY

  Courses taught include: \n(1) Social and Economic Justice\n(2) Human Behavior in the Social Environment - Micro level\n(3) Human Behavior in the Social Environment - Mezzo/Macro level\n(4) Generalist Social Work Practice with Groups\n(5) Human Trafficking\n(6) Study abroad course in Haiti

  Assistant Professor

  The State University of New York

  Jefferson Avenue Research Center

  Detroit

  MI

  Research assistant on a variety of studies examining the efficacy of substance abuse interventions including court mandated treatment

  motivational interviewing

  nursing case management and buprinorphine as an alternative to methadone.

  Research Assistant

  Addiction Research Institute

  Department of Psychiatry

  Wayne State University

  Home Based Program - Clinical therapist with families and children (7-17) experiencing serious mental illness.

  Clinical Social Worker

  Greater Detroit Area

  The Children's Center of Wayne County (Detroit)

  Wilmington

  North Carolina Area

  Assistant Professor of Social Work

  University of North Carolina

  I had a variety of roles at PNS/New American Media over the years including youth intern

  writer

  associate editor

  and radio producer.

  Journalist

  San Francisco Bay Area

  Pacific News Service

  International Association of Emergency Managers

• 2008

  French

  English

  Haitian Creole

  Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

  Social Work

  University of Michigan

  Master of Arts (MA)

  Political Science

  University of Michigan

  Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

  Political Science

  University of Michigan

• 2004

  Master of Social Work (MSW)

  Interpersonal Practice

  Wayne State University

  Social Work Practice with Couples and Families

  Wayne State University

• 2000

  Master of Arts (MA)

  Theology/Theological Studies

  Golden Gate Seminary

• 1998

  Bachelor of Arts (BA)

  International Affairs & Labor Studies

  Skidmore College

• 10

  On 12 January 2010 an earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter Scale struck Haiti

  causing unprecedented death

  injury and destruction for an event of this magnitude. Our aim was to generate a rapid assessment of the primary consequences for the population of the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince

  the national capital.\nDuring the summer of 2009 we conducted a survey of 1

  800 households in metropolitan Port-au-Prince. Six weeks after the earthquake

  we attempted to trace these households in order to re-interview them. The questionnaire examined mortality and injuries generated by the natural disaster

  as well as the character of victimization

  food security and living arrangements following the quake. Data analysis incorporated sampling weights and adjusted for clustering within households.\nThe original 2009 survey featured a 90 per cent response rate; in 2010 we re-interviewed 93 per cent of these households. We estimate that 158

  679 people in Port-au-Prince (95 per cent CI 136

  813–180

  545) died during the quake or in the six-week period afterwards owing to injuries or illness. Children were at particular risk for death. In the six weeks after the earthquake

  813 people (95 per cent CI 6

  726–14

  900) were sexually assaulted

  the vast majority of whom were female. In the same period 4

  645 individuals (95 per cent CI 1

  943–7

  347) were physically assaulted. Of all households

  18.6 per cent (95 per cent CI 16.6–20.8) were experiencing severe food insecurity six weeks after the earthquake. 24.4 per cent (95 per cent CI 22.1–26.9) of respondents' homes were completely destroyed.\nMany residents of Port-au-Prince died during or as a result of the earthquake

  albeit fewer than were widely reported. More than half of the capital's population experienced moderate to severe food insecurity

  though remittances are a major protective factor in promoting food security. Survivors continue to experience high levels of sexual assault and limited access to durable shelter.

  Mortality

  crime and access to basic needs before and after the Haiti earthquake: a random survey of Port-au-Prince households

  Eileen Trzcinski

  Background\nRecent commentary on the health consequences of natural disasters has suggested a dearth of research on understanding the antecedents prior to the disaster that are associated with health consequences after the disaster. Utilizing data from a two-wave panel survey of Port-au-Prince

  Haiti

  conducted just prior to and six weeks after the January 2010 earthquake

  we test factors prior to the quake hypothesized to be associated with food insecurity after the quake.\n\nMethods\nUsing random Global Positioning System (GPS) sampling

  we re-interviewed 93.1% (N = 1732) of the original 1

  800 households interviewed in 2009. Respondents were queried with regard to mortalities

  injuries

  food security

  housing

  and other factors after the quake.\n\nFindings\nChild food insecurity was found to be common on all three indices of food security (17.2%–22.6%). Additionally

  only 36.5% of school-aged children were attending school prior to the quake. Findings suggest that prior schooling was associated with a substantial reduction on food insecurity indices (OR 0.62–0.75). Findings further suggest that several household characteristics were associated with food insecurity for children. Prior chronic/acute illnesses

  poor living conditions

  remittances from abroad

  primary respondent mental health

  and histories of criminal and other human rights violations committed against family members prior to the quake were associated with food insecurity after the earthquake. Earned household income after the quake was only associated with one of the measures of food insecurity.\n\nInterpretation\nFood insecurity for children was common after the quake. Those households vulnerable on multiple dimensions prior to the quake were also vulnerable to food insecurity after the quake. Remittances from abroad were leading protective factors for food security.

  Features of Child Food Insecurity after the 2010 Haiti Earthquake: Results from Longitudinal Random Survey of Households.

  Nicolas Marsh

  The rapid increase in the accessibility of firearms and ammunition represents a key factor in the destabilization of many countries. It is also commonly associated with an escalation in the intensity and organization of collective and interpersonal violence. In some cases

  arms are illegally transferred from one state to another

  while in others weapons are diverted from existing stores. In t his article the authors consider the leakage from military and civilian markets as an important source of ammunition available to civilians in Haiti. We employ a unique section - quarterly panel of ammunition prices over the period July 2004 - July 2012. This data is combined with publicly available monthly data on authorized ammunition shipments to the country registered by the United Nations (UN) and Haitian National Police (HNP). We also consider annual data on homicide rates and UN resolutions related to Haiti an military personnel and civilian police. We use a standard time - series OLS model to show that the exogenous shocks of UN - and HNP - ordered ammunition exert measurable downward pressure on civilian ammunition markets

  which we calculate in terms of adjusted predictions and partial elasticities of demand. These effects constitute solid econometric evidence that the firewall that should in theory separate military and civilian markets in Haiti has partially broken down. We conclude with a suggestion for using this model to help estimate the specific size of the leakage.

  Ammunition Leakage from Military to Civilian Markets: Market Price Evidence from Haiti 2004-2012

  After the 2010 earthquake killed an estimated 158

  000 people in Haiti’s capital

  international actors rapidly focused on promoting increased policing capacities and wider security sector reforms. This international focus on improving security sector capacity in Haiti is not new. For the past 200 years

  the country has contended with periodic outbursts of political violence and international efforts to influence internal Haitian governance through structural adjustment programmes and reform of the justice

  military

  policing

  and corrections systems. This chapter considers the context of security promotion efforts in the years preceding Haiti’s 2010 earthquake and emerging trends in its aftermath by drawing on the findings of three household surveys administered before and after the earthquake.\n\nA state of injustice\nEfforts to codify and implement improved criminal and corrections laws have yielded few returns and Haiti continues to feature outdated and disregarded laws

  weak human resources

  and practically non-existent infrastructure to manage legal cases. Over the past two decades

  a major obstacle to security service delivery was the illegitimacy of security forces in the eyes of Haitian civilians. This was particularly true during the years when unelected governments were in power (1991–94 and 2004–06) and used the police as a tool to suppress popular dissent and punish political opponents.\n\nAs a result of the inefficiency and corruption of the Haitian National Police (HNP)—as well as their involvement in human rights violations during the 2004 coup and its two-year aftermath—international donors and local populations lost faith in the police force’s capacity and willingness to deliver services. To bridge this legitimacy gap

  donors invested heavily in police reform

  recruitment

  and human rights training

  as well as community policing from 2004 onwards.

  Securing the State: Haiti before and after the earthquake

  Harry Shannon

  Emerging Themes in Epidemiology

  Background\nVarious methods have been proposed for sampling when data on the population are limited. However

  these methods are often biased. We propose a new method to draw a population sample using Global Positioning Systems and aerial or satellite photographs.\n\nResults\nWe randomly sampled Global Positioning System locations in designated areas. A circle was drawn around each location with radius representing 20 m. Buildings in the circle were identified from satellite photographs; one was randomly chosen. Interviewers selected one household from the building

  and interviews were conducted with eligible household members.\n\nConclusions\nParticipants had known selection probabilities

  allowing proper estimation of parameters of interest and their variances. The approach was made possible by recent technological developments and access to satellite photographs.

  Choosing a survey sample when data on the population are limited: a method using Global Positioning Systems and aerial and satellite photographs

  Harry Shannon

  Ted Haines

  The people of Southern Lebanon have survived protracted sectarian conflict

  Israeli occupation

  and

  in mid-2006

  a devastating war. The 2006 war between Hizbollah and Israel killed approximately 1

  000 people in Southern Lebanon

  decimated its infrastructure

  and led to the displacement of an estimated one million people in both countries. It also illustrated the region’s continuing volatility. Although many have written about the situation in Southern Lebanon

  a number of questions remain unanswered. Namely

  in the wake of the 2006 war

  how do the people of Southern Lebanon feel about their security? Whom do they look to for protection against local and external threats? Which political parties do they support? How many households own weapons

  and what are their views on arms control

  including the regulation of non-state armed groups?\nThis chapter presents the results of a household survey conducted in Southern Lebanon in March–May 2008 to explore these and other questions. It begins by outlining key elements of the history that led to the 2006 war

  describing the central players and principal dynamics of that conflict. It then presents the findings of the Southern Lebanon Armed Violence Assessment

  devoting\nparticular attention to those relating to insecurity during and after the 2006 war

  attitudes towards security provision

  party affiliation

  and gun ownership and control. Its key findings include the following:\n•\t Some 1

  000 people were killed and 5

  800 injured in Southern Lebanon as a direct result of the 2006 war

  while combat activity\nresulted in the damaging or destruction of approximately 69

  000 homes in this area.\n•\t The people of the south

  whatever their political affiliations

  express strong support for state security institutions

  with the Lebanese army and police consistently cited as preferred security providers.\n

  Chapter 10 - Testing Received Wisdom: Attitudes about Security Provision and Violence in South Lebanon

  Royce Hutson

  in B. Thyer (Ed) Handbook of Social Work Research Methods. Thousand Oaks

  CA: Sage Publications.

  While other types of research outlined in this text may \nbe unfamiliar to some students

  survey research should be very familiar. It's hard to be on a \ncollege campus today without encountering numerous types of surveys; online surveys from \nthe university's information technology services may ask students to describe their use of \ncampus e-mail

  a student health center may conduct patient satisfaction surveys

  activists \nmay gather on campus to survey students about their political opinions

  and campus ...

  Chapter 8 - Survey Studies

  Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) struck Southeast Asia in early November 2013

  with especially damaging consequences for large swathes of the Philippines. It was one of the deadliest typhoons on record

  killing almost 6

  000 people

  though the final death toll is still being determined. Adding to the country’s woes

  just a few weeks early in mid-October a 7.2 magnitude earthquake shook the island province of Central Visayas killing and injuring hundreds with another 300

  000 people displaced.\n\nResearchers associated with the Igarapé Institute and the Enstiti Travay Sosyal ak Syans Sosyal (Institute of Social Work and Social Science) were based in Central Visayas before the Typhoon descended in the Philippines. They had been deployed with the intention of implementing a peer-led trauma intervention for adults with children in the area impacted by the earthquake. Team rapidly redirected resources to administer a rapid household survey assessing post-disaster needs in mid-November 2013.\n\nThe survey team of Filipinos

  Haitians

  Americans and Canadians interviewed 4

  366 households encompassing a total of 20

  524 individuals (with a response rate of around 83%). Using a proportional to population size (PPS) sampling approach

  the team was able to assemble generalizable findings on food security

  access to water

  medical concerns

  psychological problems

  attitudes toward service providers

  women’s livelihoods

  mental health and crime. Such data

  produced in close to real-time

  can provide a useful baseline for identifying priorities and measuring progress over time.

  How has Typhoon Yolanda Impacted Filipino Households?

  Kolbe

  University of North Carolina

  Wayne State University

• Grants

  Social Services

  Case Managment

  Conflict Resolution

  Mental Health

  Volunteer Management

  Program Evaluation

  Nonprofits

  Community Organizing

  Research

  Social Justice

  Grant Writing

  Case Management

  Community Outreach

  Training

  Editing

  Program Development

  Higher Education

  Public Speaking

  Teaching

  Box 5.5 - Port-au-Prince

  Haiti

  In 2004

  a violent insurrection by members of the disbanded Haitian army overthrew the elected government. Groups on all sides accused their political opponents of systematic human rights abuses. Neither the United Nations

  which established a mission in Haiti in mid-2004

  nor the Interim Haitian Government had a firm estimate of the numbers of human rights violations committed or the identity of the perpetrators (Dupuy

  2005). Qualitative studies from the US State Department (US DOS

  2005)

  Human Rights Watch (HRW

  2005)

  and others (AI

  2004; Griffin

  2005; Freedom House

  2005) indicated that gross human rights abuses including prolonged illegal detentions

  politically motivated executions

  and physical and sexual assaults had occurred.

  Box 5.5 - Port-au-Prince

  Haiti

  Clinical Social Work with a Child Experiencing Early Onset Schizophrenia in Haiti

  Depressive Symptoms Reported by Haitian Men from Armed Groups who Participated in Rehabilitation Programs

  Juan Masipag

  Marvin Bautista

  A research team conducted a post-disaster assessment in the Philippines within weeks of a Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). The household survey involved a random sample of 4

  366 households (covering a total of 20

  524 individuals and a response rate of 83.2%) in Samar

  Leyte

  Cebu

  Iloilo

  Capiz

  Aklan

  and Palawan. The study assessed access to remittances

  damage to property

  food security

  access to water

  attitudes toward service providers and victimization. It found pronounced differences in vulnerability between urban and rural households. For example

  half of all households experienced hunger following the natural disaster

  with urban households more than 8.97 times more likely to be food secure than rural households. Moreover

  urban households were more likely\nto receive remittances than rural households

  and those receiving support were 4.72 times more likely to be food secure. And notwithstanding widespread reports of looting

  just 10% reported looting – with rural residents more affected than their urban counterparts. The survey sheds light on the early needs and risks confronting survivors and can inform recovery efforts. \n

  Assessing Needs After the Super Typhoon: Results From a Random Household Survey in Samar

  Leyte

  Cebu

  Iloilo

  Capiz

  Aklan

  and Palawan

  Though a preoccupation with organized violence has dominated much of the discourse on politics and development in Haiti

  little research exists on Haiti’s urban gangs and insurgent groups. This paper examines urban gangs through intensive field research conducted over a number of years with both members of armed groups and residents of areas in which they operate. Drawing on a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods

  the paper sets out to examine whether Haiti´s gang-related violence constitutes a “war” using criteria embedded in the Geneva Conventions.

  HiCN Working Paper 147: Revisiting Haiti’s Gangs and Organized Violence

  Augusta Herman

  In December 2013

  chikungunya

  a debilitating dengue-like virus spread by mosquitos

  was first diagnosed in the Americas on the island of St. Martin. The disease quickly spread to neighboring islands and on May 7 the Haitian Ministry of Health confirmed 14 cases. A week later that number had increased to more than 1

  500. Within two weeks of its purported arrival

  it had risen to more than 5

  500 cases. Epidemiologists report that chikungunya is likely to keep spreading.\n\nAlthough most Caribbean nations were able to control and respond to the outbreak

  chikungunya has been merciless in Haiti. Lack of basic infrastructure

  poor mosquito control measures

  and deep social and economic disparities hampered prevention and treatment efforts. Shortly after the outbreak was announced

  an Igarapé Institute-led research team was dispatched to conduct a nationwide survey to determine the risks and protective factors for infection with chikungunya. The Institute has coordinated similar assessments of spread of cholera and food security in the wake of natural disasters

  as well as violence and victimization.\n\nBetween 19-30 May 2014

  a total of 2

  807 randomly sampled households (accounting for 13

  760 individuals) from all ten geographic departments were interviewed

  as were 446 randomly sampled tourists departing the Port-auPrince airport. An additional survey of market conditions was conducted in Port-au-Prince and the seaside town of Jacmel. A qualitative component to the study included five focus groups (ten participants in each group) and 27 in-depth interviews. The qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted in Jacmel and the greater Port-au-Prince area.

  Break Your Bones: Mortality and Morbidity Associated with Haiti’s Chikungunya Epidemic

  Background\nReliable evidence of the frequency and severity of human rights abuses in Haiti after the departure of the elected president in 2004 was scarce. We assessed data from a random survey of households in the greater Port-au-Prince area.\n\nMethods\nUsing random Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinate sampling

  1260 households (5720 individuals) were sampled. They were interviewed with a structured questionnaire by trained interviewers about their experiences after the departure of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. The response rate was 90·7%. Information on demographic characteristics

  crime

  and human rights violations was obtained.\n\nFindings\nOur findings suggested that 8000 individuals were murdered in the greater Port-au-Prince area during the 22-month period assessed. Almost half of the identified perpetrators were government forces or outside political actors. Sexual assault of women and girls was common

  with findings suggesting that 35 000 women were victimised in the area; more than half of all female victims were younger than 18 years. Criminals were the most identified perpetrators

  but officers from the Haitian National Police accounted for 13·8% and armed anti-Lavalas groups accounted for 10·6% of identified perpetrators of sexual assault. Kidnappings and extrajudicial detentions

  physical assaults

  death threats

  physical threats

  and threats of sexual violence were also common.\n\nInterpretation\nOur results indicate that crime and systematic abuse of human rights were common in Port-au-Prince. Although criminals were the most identified perpetrators of violations

  political actors and UN soldiers were also frequently identified. These findings suggest the need for a systematic response from the newly elected Haitian government

  the UN

  and social service organisations to address the legal

  medical

  psychological

  and economic consequences of widespread human rights abuses and crime.

  Human Rights Abuses and Other Criminal Violations in Port-au-Prince

  Haiti: A Random Survey of Households.

  Tourism is often described as key to Haiti’s salvation. The economic potential of foreigners visiting the island nation is cited in virtually all major assessments of the country’s current development problems. This may seem at first counterintuitive: the impoverished and disaster-stricken country has long-struggled with violence and political instability. But it is increasingly regarded as necessary. Immediately after the January 2010 earthquake it was recognized that strategic investments would be needed to secure Haiti’s economy once foreign aid had diminished.\n\nThis Strategic Note considers the perceptions of tourists visiting Haiti in 2013 and their motives and perceptions of the country. A total of 2

  231 tourists were surveyed with a response rate of almost 75 per cent. An additional 390 tourism professionals were also consulted and interviewed.

  Is Tourism Haiti’s Magic Bullet? An Empirical Treatment of Haiti’s Tourism Potential

  Far from global media headlines

  tropical storms devastated Haiti during the recent hurricane season. In late August 2011

  19 people were killed when hurricane Isaac touched down.1 More than 50 more people were killed when Hurricane Sandy ripped through Southern Haiti in October 2012.2 Some 16 more people were killed in November 2012 during flooding in the northern city of Cap Haitien.3 And the impacts extended beyond death and injury: rain triggered mudslides throughout the country

  washing out homes

  roadways and bridges and bringing transportation to a near standstill. Compounding extensive protracted internal displacement generated by the 2010 earthquake

  government officials estimate tens of thousands more were made homeless.

  After the Storm: Haiti’s Coming Food Crisis

  The January 2010 Haitian earthquake displaced more than a million people and disrupted economic

  social and community structures. Lack of access to cash

  difficulty getting food from the countryside to the city markets

  and loss of household food storage contributed to creating food insecurity among urban dwellers in the post-quake period. Interventions to mitigate household hunger included cash for work

  food for work

  and a hybrid program in which both cash and food were distributed (often at different times) to participants in exchange for laboring in community rebuilding efforts. This study examined the short and long term impacts of these three interventions on reducing hunger and improving the diet of participants in terms of diversity and balance of food types consumed. Cash/food for work projects demonstrated an ability to be much more than just a short-term emergency intervention. The influx of cash enabled households to spend on other essentials including education

  transportation

  and family businesses. Those who invested their cash earnings in income-generating activities demonstrated a more diverse diet with greater consumption of fruits

  some proteins

  and vegetables. A year later these gains continued. Other positive outcomes included a greater likelihood of girls being enrolled in school and fewer child laborers among households which received cash or cash and food for work. These findings point to the promising potential in the use of cash transfers to support food security and improved quality of life.

  Can a short-term intervention make a longer-term difference? Outcomes of cash and food for work programs in post-earthquake Haiti

  Jean Roger Noel

  Eileen Trzcinski

  Harry Shannon