Ashlee R. Barnes
- Courses3
- Reviews7
- School: Virginia Commonwealth University
- Campus:
- Department: Criminal Justice
- Email address: Join to see
- Phone: Join to see
-
Location:
1111 W Broad St
Richmond, VA - 23284 - Dates at Virginia Commonwealth University: April 2018 - April 2019
- Office Hours: Join to see
N/A
Would take again: Yes
For Credit: Yes
0
0
Not Mandatory
Awesome
Prof. Barnes is very caring and sweet to her students. Whether its for their major or an elective, she wants everyone to do well in her class. She also invites guest speakers to her class to share stories and information. She makes the class more engaging by relating the lectures to her personal experiences. She's a great professor.
N/A
Would take again: Yes
For Credit: Yes
0
0
Not Mandatory
Poor
The class of Professor Barnes required lot of information. She wanted us to read a lot. But, if you either do the reading or show up in class, then you'll pass the exams. We only had 4 exams under her and one got dropped.
Biography
Virginia Commonwealth University - Criminal Justice
Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice, L. Douglas Wilder School of Government & Public Affairs
Ashlee R.
Barnes, Ph.D.
Richmond, Virginia
As an interdisciplinary scholar, I conduct community-engaged, policy-relevant research that integrates theoretical frameworks and methodologies from psychology, human development, social work, and criminal justice. I am interested in developing and evaluating interventions that eliminate racial/ethnic disparities in the juvenile justice system. My research also aims to prevent juvenile justice system involvement for racial/ethnic minority students who demonstrate a disproportionately higher risk of being referred to law enforcement.
Experience
Education
Michigan State University
B.A.
Psychology and Criminal Justice
Michigan State University
PhD Graduate Student
Publications
Gender and Adolescents’ Risk for Recidivism in Truancy Court.
Journal of Juvenile Justice
Anderson, V., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016) Gender and adolescents’ risk for recidivism in truancy court. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 93-110.
Gender and Adolescents’ Risk for Recidivism in Truancy Court.
Journal of Juvenile Justice
Anderson, V., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016) Gender and adolescents’ risk for recidivism in truancy court. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 93-110.
Juvenile Offenders and Experiences of Neglect: The Validity of the YLS/CMI with Dual-status Youth
Children and Youth Services Review
Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Anderson, V., Peterson, J., & Davidson, W. (2014). Juvenile offenders and experiences of neglect: The validity of the YLS/CMI with dual-status youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 112-119.
Gender and Adolescents’ Risk for Recidivism in Truancy Court.
Journal of Juvenile Justice
Anderson, V., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016) Gender and adolescents’ risk for recidivism in truancy court. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 93-110.
Juvenile Offenders and Experiences of Neglect: The Validity of the YLS/CMI with Dual-status Youth
Children and Youth Services Review
Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Anderson, V., Peterson, J., & Davidson, W. (2014). Juvenile offenders and experiences of neglect: The validity of the YLS/CMI with dual-status youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 112-119.
Assessing Interventions Needs of Juvenile Probationers: An Application of Latent Profile Analysis to a Risk Need Responsivity Assessment Model
Criminal Justice and Behavior
Campbell, C., *Papp, J. *Miller, W., Barnes, A. R., Onifade, E., & Anderson, V. (2019). Assessing interventions needs of juvenile probationers: An application of latent profile analysis to a risk need responsivity assessment model. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 46(1), 82-100.
Gender and Adolescents’ Risk for Recidivism in Truancy Court.
Journal of Juvenile Justice
Anderson, V., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016) Gender and adolescents’ risk for recidivism in truancy court. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 93-110.
Juvenile Offenders and Experiences of Neglect: The Validity of the YLS/CMI with Dual-status Youth
Children and Youth Services Review
Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Anderson, V., Peterson, J., & Davidson, W. (2014). Juvenile offenders and experiences of neglect: The validity of the YLS/CMI with dual-status youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 112-119.
Assessing Interventions Needs of Juvenile Probationers: An Application of Latent Profile Analysis to a Risk Need Responsivity Assessment Model
Criminal Justice and Behavior
Campbell, C., *Papp, J. *Miller, W., Barnes, A. R., Onifade, E., & Anderson, V. (2019). Assessing interventions needs of juvenile probationers: An application of latent profile analysis to a risk need responsivity assessment model. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 46(1), 82-100.
Validity of Initial, Exit, and Dynamic Juvenile Risk Assessment: An Examination Across Gender and Race/ethnicity
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Risk assessments have been used in the juvenile justice system to predict future crime, identify youth needs, and inform case planning. Currently, the literature shows that juveniles are most often assessed when they enter court jurisdiction and this entry or initial risk assessment score is typically used to predict recidivism. The current study used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory to examine the predictive validity of initial, exit, and change in risk scores on a diverse sample (N = 360) of young probationers. This study is one of few attempts to determine the predictive accuracy of change in risk, and the first to investigate the comparative validity of initial and exit risk scores with a sample of young offenders. Exit and change in risk scores significantly predicted recidivism 1-year post probation, yet initial scores did not. Differential predictive validity across race and gender was not identified for the initial or exit risk scores. The importance of examining changes in risk over time was discussed. Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Anderson, V., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016). Validity of initial, exit, and dynamic juvenile risk assessment: An examination across race and gender. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 55(1), 21-38.
Gender and Adolescents’ Risk for Recidivism in Truancy Court.
Journal of Juvenile Justice
Anderson, V., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016) Gender and adolescents’ risk for recidivism in truancy court. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 93-110.
Juvenile Offenders and Experiences of Neglect: The Validity of the YLS/CMI with Dual-status Youth
Children and Youth Services Review
Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Anderson, V., Peterson, J., & Davidson, W. (2014). Juvenile offenders and experiences of neglect: The validity of the YLS/CMI with dual-status youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 112-119.
Assessing Interventions Needs of Juvenile Probationers: An Application of Latent Profile Analysis to a Risk Need Responsivity Assessment Model
Criminal Justice and Behavior
Campbell, C., *Papp, J. *Miller, W., Barnes, A. R., Onifade, E., & Anderson, V. (2019). Assessing interventions needs of juvenile probationers: An application of latent profile analysis to a risk need responsivity assessment model. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 46(1), 82-100.
Validity of Initial, Exit, and Dynamic Juvenile Risk Assessment: An Examination Across Gender and Race/ethnicity
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Risk assessments have been used in the juvenile justice system to predict future crime, identify youth needs, and inform case planning. Currently, the literature shows that juveniles are most often assessed when they enter court jurisdiction and this entry or initial risk assessment score is typically used to predict recidivism. The current study used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory to examine the predictive validity of initial, exit, and change in risk scores on a diverse sample (N = 360) of young probationers. This study is one of few attempts to determine the predictive accuracy of change in risk, and the first to investigate the comparative validity of initial and exit risk scores with a sample of young offenders. Exit and change in risk scores significantly predicted recidivism 1-year post probation, yet initial scores did not. Differential predictive validity across race and gender was not identified for the initial or exit risk scores. The importance of examining changes in risk over time was discussed. Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Anderson, V., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016). Validity of initial, exit, and dynamic juvenile risk assessment: An examination across race and gender. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 55(1), 21-38.
Females, Race, and Ethnicity in Prison
The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime
Barnes, A. R. (2019). Females, race, and ethnicity in prison. In The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118929803.ewac0192
Gender and Adolescents’ Risk for Recidivism in Truancy Court.
Journal of Juvenile Justice
Anderson, V., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016) Gender and adolescents’ risk for recidivism in truancy court. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 93-110.
Juvenile Offenders and Experiences of Neglect: The Validity of the YLS/CMI with Dual-status Youth
Children and Youth Services Review
Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Anderson, V., Peterson, J., & Davidson, W. (2014). Juvenile offenders and experiences of neglect: The validity of the YLS/CMI with dual-status youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 112-119.
Assessing Interventions Needs of Juvenile Probationers: An Application of Latent Profile Analysis to a Risk Need Responsivity Assessment Model
Criminal Justice and Behavior
Campbell, C., *Papp, J. *Miller, W., Barnes, A. R., Onifade, E., & Anderson, V. (2019). Assessing interventions needs of juvenile probationers: An application of latent profile analysis to a risk need responsivity assessment model. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 46(1), 82-100.
Validity of Initial, Exit, and Dynamic Juvenile Risk Assessment: An Examination Across Gender and Race/ethnicity
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Risk assessments have been used in the juvenile justice system to predict future crime, identify youth needs, and inform case planning. Currently, the literature shows that juveniles are most often assessed when they enter court jurisdiction and this entry or initial risk assessment score is typically used to predict recidivism. The current study used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory to examine the predictive validity of initial, exit, and change in risk scores on a diverse sample (N = 360) of young probationers. This study is one of few attempts to determine the predictive accuracy of change in risk, and the first to investigate the comparative validity of initial and exit risk scores with a sample of young offenders. Exit and change in risk scores significantly predicted recidivism 1-year post probation, yet initial scores did not. Differential predictive validity across race and gender was not identified for the initial or exit risk scores. The importance of examining changes in risk over time was discussed. Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Anderson, V., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016). Validity of initial, exit, and dynamic juvenile risk assessment: An examination across race and gender. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 55(1), 21-38.
Females, Race, and Ethnicity in Prison
The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime
Barnes, A. R. (2019). Females, race, and ethnicity in prison. In The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118929803.ewac0192
Screening Offenders: The Exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: (YLS/CMI) Brief Screener.
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Although structured assessments have helped standardize juvenile court processes by systematically measuring risk for recidivism, it has been argued that some assessments lack the ability to perform as a brief screener. This study explored the potential for the original 42-item Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) risk assessment to perform as a brief screener for a sample of first-time juvenile offenders in a mid-western, industrialized county. Results indicated that the original and shortened version of the YLS/CMI significantly predicted two-year recidivism for male and female offenders. Implications for situationally targeted forms of risk assessment are discussed. Campbell, C., Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Peterson, J., Davidson, W., Anderson, V. & Gordon, D. (2014). Screening offenders: The exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) brief screener. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 53(1), 19-34.
Gender and Adolescents’ Risk for Recidivism in Truancy Court.
Journal of Juvenile Justice
Anderson, V., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016) Gender and adolescents’ risk for recidivism in truancy court. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 93-110.
Juvenile Offenders and Experiences of Neglect: The Validity of the YLS/CMI with Dual-status Youth
Children and Youth Services Review
Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Anderson, V., Peterson, J., & Davidson, W. (2014). Juvenile offenders and experiences of neglect: The validity of the YLS/CMI with dual-status youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 112-119.
Assessing Interventions Needs of Juvenile Probationers: An Application of Latent Profile Analysis to a Risk Need Responsivity Assessment Model
Criminal Justice and Behavior
Campbell, C., *Papp, J. *Miller, W., Barnes, A. R., Onifade, E., & Anderson, V. (2019). Assessing interventions needs of juvenile probationers: An application of latent profile analysis to a risk need responsivity assessment model. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 46(1), 82-100.
Validity of Initial, Exit, and Dynamic Juvenile Risk Assessment: An Examination Across Gender and Race/ethnicity
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Risk assessments have been used in the juvenile justice system to predict future crime, identify youth needs, and inform case planning. Currently, the literature shows that juveniles are most often assessed when they enter court jurisdiction and this entry or initial risk assessment score is typically used to predict recidivism. The current study used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory to examine the predictive validity of initial, exit, and change in risk scores on a diverse sample (N = 360) of young probationers. This study is one of few attempts to determine the predictive accuracy of change in risk, and the first to investigate the comparative validity of initial and exit risk scores with a sample of young offenders. Exit and change in risk scores significantly predicted recidivism 1-year post probation, yet initial scores did not. Differential predictive validity across race and gender was not identified for the initial or exit risk scores. The importance of examining changes in risk over time was discussed. Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Anderson, V., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016). Validity of initial, exit, and dynamic juvenile risk assessment: An examination across race and gender. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 55(1), 21-38.
Females, Race, and Ethnicity in Prison
The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime
Barnes, A. R. (2019). Females, race, and ethnicity in prison. In The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118929803.ewac0192
Screening Offenders: The Exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: (YLS/CMI) Brief Screener.
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Although structured assessments have helped standardize juvenile court processes by systematically measuring risk for recidivism, it has been argued that some assessments lack the ability to perform as a brief screener. This study explored the potential for the original 42-item Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) risk assessment to perform as a brief screener for a sample of first-time juvenile offenders in a mid-western, industrialized county. Results indicated that the original and shortened version of the YLS/CMI significantly predicted two-year recidivism for male and female offenders. Implications for situationally targeted forms of risk assessment are discussed. Campbell, C., Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Peterson, J., Davidson, W., Anderson, V. & Gordon, D. (2014). Screening offenders: The exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) brief screener. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 53(1), 19-34.
The Differential Predictive Validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: the Role of Gender
Psychology, Crime & Law
Most criminogenic risk assessments are developed and empirically validated on samples of boys or samples comprised of mostly boys, and subsequently applied to girls. Using a sample of male (n = 1,267) and female (n = 453) probationers, the purpose of the current study was to examine the potentially differential performance of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) and the instrument’s eight domains for female juvenile offenders. Findings revealed gender differences in the predictive validity of the YLS/CMI in which girls scored significantly higher on the risk assessment, but recidivated at significantly lower rates than boys two years following the administration of the assessment. The predictive validity of the instrument was impacted by these gender differences in which the YLS/CMI total score was a better predictor of recidivism for boys (area under the curve (AUC) = .623) than girls (AUC = .565). The only subscales that significantly predicted recidivism for girls were the family (AUC = .607) and personality (AUC = .572) domains, whereas all of the subscales significantly predicted recidivism for boys. Directions for future research as well as gender-responsive assessment, programming, and policy implications are discussed. Anderson, V., Davidson, W., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Peterson, J. & Onifade, E. (2016). The differential predictive validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: The role of gender. Psychology, Crime and Law, 22(7), 666-677.
Gender and Adolescents’ Risk for Recidivism in Truancy Court.
Journal of Juvenile Justice
Anderson, V., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016) Gender and adolescents’ risk for recidivism in truancy court. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 93-110.
Juvenile Offenders and Experiences of Neglect: The Validity of the YLS/CMI with Dual-status Youth
Children and Youth Services Review
Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Anderson, V., Peterson, J., & Davidson, W. (2014). Juvenile offenders and experiences of neglect: The validity of the YLS/CMI with dual-status youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 112-119.
Assessing Interventions Needs of Juvenile Probationers: An Application of Latent Profile Analysis to a Risk Need Responsivity Assessment Model
Criminal Justice and Behavior
Campbell, C., *Papp, J. *Miller, W., Barnes, A. R., Onifade, E., & Anderson, V. (2019). Assessing interventions needs of juvenile probationers: An application of latent profile analysis to a risk need responsivity assessment model. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 46(1), 82-100.
Validity of Initial, Exit, and Dynamic Juvenile Risk Assessment: An Examination Across Gender and Race/ethnicity
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Risk assessments have been used in the juvenile justice system to predict future crime, identify youth needs, and inform case planning. Currently, the literature shows that juveniles are most often assessed when they enter court jurisdiction and this entry or initial risk assessment score is typically used to predict recidivism. The current study used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory to examine the predictive validity of initial, exit, and change in risk scores on a diverse sample (N = 360) of young probationers. This study is one of few attempts to determine the predictive accuracy of change in risk, and the first to investigate the comparative validity of initial and exit risk scores with a sample of young offenders. Exit and change in risk scores significantly predicted recidivism 1-year post probation, yet initial scores did not. Differential predictive validity across race and gender was not identified for the initial or exit risk scores. The importance of examining changes in risk over time was discussed. Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Anderson, V., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016). Validity of initial, exit, and dynamic juvenile risk assessment: An examination across race and gender. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 55(1), 21-38.
Females, Race, and Ethnicity in Prison
The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime
Barnes, A. R. (2019). Females, race, and ethnicity in prison. In The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118929803.ewac0192
Screening Offenders: The Exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: (YLS/CMI) Brief Screener.
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Although structured assessments have helped standardize juvenile court processes by systematically measuring risk for recidivism, it has been argued that some assessments lack the ability to perform as a brief screener. This study explored the potential for the original 42-item Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) risk assessment to perform as a brief screener for a sample of first-time juvenile offenders in a mid-western, industrialized county. Results indicated that the original and shortened version of the YLS/CMI significantly predicted two-year recidivism for male and female offenders. Implications for situationally targeted forms of risk assessment are discussed. Campbell, C., Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Peterson, J., Davidson, W., Anderson, V. & Gordon, D. (2014). Screening offenders: The exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) brief screener. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 53(1), 19-34.
The Differential Predictive Validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: the Role of Gender
Psychology, Crime & Law
Most criminogenic risk assessments are developed and empirically validated on samples of boys or samples comprised of mostly boys, and subsequently applied to girls. Using a sample of male (n = 1,267) and female (n = 453) probationers, the purpose of the current study was to examine the potentially differential performance of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) and the instrument’s eight domains for female juvenile offenders. Findings revealed gender differences in the predictive validity of the YLS/CMI in which girls scored significantly higher on the risk assessment, but recidivated at significantly lower rates than boys two years following the administration of the assessment. The predictive validity of the instrument was impacted by these gender differences in which the YLS/CMI total score was a better predictor of recidivism for boys (area under the curve (AUC) = .623) than girls (AUC = .565). The only subscales that significantly predicted recidivism for girls were the family (AUC = .607) and personality (AUC = .572) domains, whereas all of the subscales significantly predicted recidivism for boys. Directions for future research as well as gender-responsive assessment, programming, and policy implications are discussed. Anderson, V., Davidson, W., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Peterson, J. & Onifade, E. (2016). The differential predictive validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: The role of gender. Psychology, Crime and Law, 22(7), 666-677.
Predominantly White Institutions: Transition Programs to Address Academic Underpreparedness and Experiences of Discrimination.
Translational Issues in Psychological Sciences
Lee, J., & Barnes, A. R. (2015). Predominantly white institutions: Transition programs to address academic underpreparedness and experiences of discrimination. Translational Issues in Psychological Sciences, 1(4), 401-410.
Gender and Adolescents’ Risk for Recidivism in Truancy Court.
Journal of Juvenile Justice
Anderson, V., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016) Gender and adolescents’ risk for recidivism in truancy court. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 93-110.
Juvenile Offenders and Experiences of Neglect: The Validity of the YLS/CMI with Dual-status Youth
Children and Youth Services Review
Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Anderson, V., Peterson, J., & Davidson, W. (2014). Juvenile offenders and experiences of neglect: The validity of the YLS/CMI with dual-status youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 112-119.
Assessing Interventions Needs of Juvenile Probationers: An Application of Latent Profile Analysis to a Risk Need Responsivity Assessment Model
Criminal Justice and Behavior
Campbell, C., *Papp, J. *Miller, W., Barnes, A. R., Onifade, E., & Anderson, V. (2019). Assessing interventions needs of juvenile probationers: An application of latent profile analysis to a risk need responsivity assessment model. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 46(1), 82-100.
Validity of Initial, Exit, and Dynamic Juvenile Risk Assessment: An Examination Across Gender and Race/ethnicity
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Risk assessments have been used in the juvenile justice system to predict future crime, identify youth needs, and inform case planning. Currently, the literature shows that juveniles are most often assessed when they enter court jurisdiction and this entry or initial risk assessment score is typically used to predict recidivism. The current study used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory to examine the predictive validity of initial, exit, and change in risk scores on a diverse sample (N = 360) of young probationers. This study is one of few attempts to determine the predictive accuracy of change in risk, and the first to investigate the comparative validity of initial and exit risk scores with a sample of young offenders. Exit and change in risk scores significantly predicted recidivism 1-year post probation, yet initial scores did not. Differential predictive validity across race and gender was not identified for the initial or exit risk scores. The importance of examining changes in risk over time was discussed. Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Anderson, V., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016). Validity of initial, exit, and dynamic juvenile risk assessment: An examination across race and gender. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 55(1), 21-38.
Females, Race, and Ethnicity in Prison
The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime
Barnes, A. R. (2019). Females, race, and ethnicity in prison. In The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118929803.ewac0192
Screening Offenders: The Exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: (YLS/CMI) Brief Screener.
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Although structured assessments have helped standardize juvenile court processes by systematically measuring risk for recidivism, it has been argued that some assessments lack the ability to perform as a brief screener. This study explored the potential for the original 42-item Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) risk assessment to perform as a brief screener for a sample of first-time juvenile offenders in a mid-western, industrialized county. Results indicated that the original and shortened version of the YLS/CMI significantly predicted two-year recidivism for male and female offenders. Implications for situationally targeted forms of risk assessment are discussed. Campbell, C., Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Peterson, J., Davidson, W., Anderson, V. & Gordon, D. (2014). Screening offenders: The exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) brief screener. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 53(1), 19-34.
The Differential Predictive Validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: the Role of Gender
Psychology, Crime & Law
Most criminogenic risk assessments are developed and empirically validated on samples of boys or samples comprised of mostly boys, and subsequently applied to girls. Using a sample of male (n = 1,267) and female (n = 453) probationers, the purpose of the current study was to examine the potentially differential performance of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) and the instrument’s eight domains for female juvenile offenders. Findings revealed gender differences in the predictive validity of the YLS/CMI in which girls scored significantly higher on the risk assessment, but recidivated at significantly lower rates than boys two years following the administration of the assessment. The predictive validity of the instrument was impacted by these gender differences in which the YLS/CMI total score was a better predictor of recidivism for boys (area under the curve (AUC) = .623) than girls (AUC = .565). The only subscales that significantly predicted recidivism for girls were the family (AUC = .607) and personality (AUC = .572) domains, whereas all of the subscales significantly predicted recidivism for boys. Directions for future research as well as gender-responsive assessment, programming, and policy implications are discussed. Anderson, V., Davidson, W., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Peterson, J. & Onifade, E. (2016). The differential predictive validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: The role of gender. Psychology, Crime and Law, 22(7), 666-677.
Predominantly White Institutions: Transition Programs to Address Academic Underpreparedness and Experiences of Discrimination.
Translational Issues in Psychological Sciences
Lee, J., & Barnes, A. R. (2015). Predominantly white institutions: Transition programs to address academic underpreparedness and experiences of discrimination. Translational Issues in Psychological Sciences, 1(4), 401-410.
Parental Divorce and Adolescent Delinquency: Ruling out the Impact of Common Genes.
Developmental Psychology
Burt, S.A., Barnes, A. R., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G. (2008). Parental divorce and adolescent delinquency: Ruling out the impact of common genes. Developmental Psychology, 44(6), 1668-1677.
Gender and Adolescents’ Risk for Recidivism in Truancy Court.
Journal of Juvenile Justice
Anderson, V., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016) Gender and adolescents’ risk for recidivism in truancy court. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 93-110.
Juvenile Offenders and Experiences of Neglect: The Validity of the YLS/CMI with Dual-status Youth
Children and Youth Services Review
Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Anderson, V., Peterson, J., & Davidson, W. (2014). Juvenile offenders and experiences of neglect: The validity of the YLS/CMI with dual-status youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 112-119.
Assessing Interventions Needs of Juvenile Probationers: An Application of Latent Profile Analysis to a Risk Need Responsivity Assessment Model
Criminal Justice and Behavior
Campbell, C., *Papp, J. *Miller, W., Barnes, A. R., Onifade, E., & Anderson, V. (2019). Assessing interventions needs of juvenile probationers: An application of latent profile analysis to a risk need responsivity assessment model. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 46(1), 82-100.
Validity of Initial, Exit, and Dynamic Juvenile Risk Assessment: An Examination Across Gender and Race/ethnicity
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Risk assessments have been used in the juvenile justice system to predict future crime, identify youth needs, and inform case planning. Currently, the literature shows that juveniles are most often assessed when they enter court jurisdiction and this entry or initial risk assessment score is typically used to predict recidivism. The current study used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory to examine the predictive validity of initial, exit, and change in risk scores on a diverse sample (N = 360) of young probationers. This study is one of few attempts to determine the predictive accuracy of change in risk, and the first to investigate the comparative validity of initial and exit risk scores with a sample of young offenders. Exit and change in risk scores significantly predicted recidivism 1-year post probation, yet initial scores did not. Differential predictive validity across race and gender was not identified for the initial or exit risk scores. The importance of examining changes in risk over time was discussed. Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Anderson, V., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016). Validity of initial, exit, and dynamic juvenile risk assessment: An examination across race and gender. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 55(1), 21-38.
Females, Race, and Ethnicity in Prison
The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime
Barnes, A. R. (2019). Females, race, and ethnicity in prison. In The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118929803.ewac0192
Screening Offenders: The Exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: (YLS/CMI) Brief Screener.
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Although structured assessments have helped standardize juvenile court processes by systematically measuring risk for recidivism, it has been argued that some assessments lack the ability to perform as a brief screener. This study explored the potential for the original 42-item Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) risk assessment to perform as a brief screener for a sample of first-time juvenile offenders in a mid-western, industrialized county. Results indicated that the original and shortened version of the YLS/CMI significantly predicted two-year recidivism for male and female offenders. Implications for situationally targeted forms of risk assessment are discussed. Campbell, C., Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Peterson, J., Davidson, W., Anderson, V. & Gordon, D. (2014). Screening offenders: The exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) brief screener. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 53(1), 19-34.
The Differential Predictive Validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: the Role of Gender
Psychology, Crime & Law
Most criminogenic risk assessments are developed and empirically validated on samples of boys or samples comprised of mostly boys, and subsequently applied to girls. Using a sample of male (n = 1,267) and female (n = 453) probationers, the purpose of the current study was to examine the potentially differential performance of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) and the instrument’s eight domains for female juvenile offenders. Findings revealed gender differences in the predictive validity of the YLS/CMI in which girls scored significantly higher on the risk assessment, but recidivated at significantly lower rates than boys two years following the administration of the assessment. The predictive validity of the instrument was impacted by these gender differences in which the YLS/CMI total score was a better predictor of recidivism for boys (area under the curve (AUC) = .623) than girls (AUC = .565). The only subscales that significantly predicted recidivism for girls were the family (AUC = .607) and personality (AUC = .572) domains, whereas all of the subscales significantly predicted recidivism for boys. Directions for future research as well as gender-responsive assessment, programming, and policy implications are discussed. Anderson, V., Davidson, W., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Peterson, J. & Onifade, E. (2016). The differential predictive validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: The role of gender. Psychology, Crime and Law, 22(7), 666-677.
Predominantly White Institutions: Transition Programs to Address Academic Underpreparedness and Experiences of Discrimination.
Translational Issues in Psychological Sciences
Lee, J., & Barnes, A. R. (2015). Predominantly white institutions: Transition programs to address academic underpreparedness and experiences of discrimination. Translational Issues in Psychological Sciences, 1(4), 401-410.
Parental Divorce and Adolescent Delinquency: Ruling out the Impact of Common Genes.
Developmental Psychology
Burt, S.A., Barnes, A. R., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G. (2008). Parental divorce and adolescent delinquency: Ruling out the impact of common genes. Developmental Psychology, 44(6), 1668-1677.
Risk Assessment and Juvenile Justice: An Interaction Between Risk, Race, and Gender
Criminology & Public Policy
Campbell, C., *Papp, J. Barnes, A. R., Onifade, E., & Anderson, V. (2018). Risk assessment and juvenile justice: An interaction between risk, race, and gender. Criminology & Public Policy. 17(3), 525-545.
Gender and Adolescents’ Risk for Recidivism in Truancy Court.
Journal of Juvenile Justice
Anderson, V., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016) Gender and adolescents’ risk for recidivism in truancy court. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 93-110.
Juvenile Offenders and Experiences of Neglect: The Validity of the YLS/CMI with Dual-status Youth
Children and Youth Services Review
Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Anderson, V., Peterson, J., & Davidson, W. (2014). Juvenile offenders and experiences of neglect: The validity of the YLS/CMI with dual-status youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 112-119.
Assessing Interventions Needs of Juvenile Probationers: An Application of Latent Profile Analysis to a Risk Need Responsivity Assessment Model
Criminal Justice and Behavior
Campbell, C., *Papp, J. *Miller, W., Barnes, A. R., Onifade, E., & Anderson, V. (2019). Assessing interventions needs of juvenile probationers: An application of latent profile analysis to a risk need responsivity assessment model. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 46(1), 82-100.
Validity of Initial, Exit, and Dynamic Juvenile Risk Assessment: An Examination Across Gender and Race/ethnicity
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Risk assessments have been used in the juvenile justice system to predict future crime, identify youth needs, and inform case planning. Currently, the literature shows that juveniles are most often assessed when they enter court jurisdiction and this entry or initial risk assessment score is typically used to predict recidivism. The current study used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory to examine the predictive validity of initial, exit, and change in risk scores on a diverse sample (N = 360) of young probationers. This study is one of few attempts to determine the predictive accuracy of change in risk, and the first to investigate the comparative validity of initial and exit risk scores with a sample of young offenders. Exit and change in risk scores significantly predicted recidivism 1-year post probation, yet initial scores did not. Differential predictive validity across race and gender was not identified for the initial or exit risk scores. The importance of examining changes in risk over time was discussed. Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Anderson, V., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016). Validity of initial, exit, and dynamic juvenile risk assessment: An examination across race and gender. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 55(1), 21-38.
Females, Race, and Ethnicity in Prison
The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime
Barnes, A. R. (2019). Females, race, and ethnicity in prison. In The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118929803.ewac0192
Screening Offenders: The Exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: (YLS/CMI) Brief Screener.
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Although structured assessments have helped standardize juvenile court processes by systematically measuring risk for recidivism, it has been argued that some assessments lack the ability to perform as a brief screener. This study explored the potential for the original 42-item Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) risk assessment to perform as a brief screener for a sample of first-time juvenile offenders in a mid-western, industrialized county. Results indicated that the original and shortened version of the YLS/CMI significantly predicted two-year recidivism for male and female offenders. Implications for situationally targeted forms of risk assessment are discussed. Campbell, C., Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Peterson, J., Davidson, W., Anderson, V. & Gordon, D. (2014). Screening offenders: The exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) brief screener. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 53(1), 19-34.
The Differential Predictive Validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: the Role of Gender
Psychology, Crime & Law
Most criminogenic risk assessments are developed and empirically validated on samples of boys or samples comprised of mostly boys, and subsequently applied to girls. Using a sample of male (n = 1,267) and female (n = 453) probationers, the purpose of the current study was to examine the potentially differential performance of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) and the instrument’s eight domains for female juvenile offenders. Findings revealed gender differences in the predictive validity of the YLS/CMI in which girls scored significantly higher on the risk assessment, but recidivated at significantly lower rates than boys two years following the administration of the assessment. The predictive validity of the instrument was impacted by these gender differences in which the YLS/CMI total score was a better predictor of recidivism for boys (area under the curve (AUC) = .623) than girls (AUC = .565). The only subscales that significantly predicted recidivism for girls were the family (AUC = .607) and personality (AUC = .572) domains, whereas all of the subscales significantly predicted recidivism for boys. Directions for future research as well as gender-responsive assessment, programming, and policy implications are discussed. Anderson, V., Davidson, W., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Peterson, J. & Onifade, E. (2016). The differential predictive validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: The role of gender. Psychology, Crime and Law, 22(7), 666-677.
Predominantly White Institutions: Transition Programs to Address Academic Underpreparedness and Experiences of Discrimination.
Translational Issues in Psychological Sciences
Lee, J., & Barnes, A. R. (2015). Predominantly white institutions: Transition programs to address academic underpreparedness and experiences of discrimination. Translational Issues in Psychological Sciences, 1(4), 401-410.
Parental Divorce and Adolescent Delinquency: Ruling out the Impact of Common Genes.
Developmental Psychology
Burt, S.A., Barnes, A. R., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G. (2008). Parental divorce and adolescent delinquency: Ruling out the impact of common genes. Developmental Psychology, 44(6), 1668-1677.
Risk Assessment and Juvenile Justice: An Interaction Between Risk, Race, and Gender
Criminology & Public Policy
Campbell, C., *Papp, J. Barnes, A. R., Onifade, E., & Anderson, V. (2018). Risk assessment and juvenile justice: An interaction between risk, race, and gender. Criminology & Public Policy. 17(3), 525-545.
Gender-Responsive Intervention for Female Juvenile Offenders: A Quasi-Experimental Outcome Evaluation
Feminist Criminology
The increasing proportion of girls in the juvenile justice system has prompted courts to develop gender-responsive services. The present study examined data from a midsized county juvenile court to examine the effects of a group home intervention for girls. The study compared group home participants (n = 172) with girls who did not receive group home treatment (n = 814) using propensity score matching (PSM). Girls who received group home treatment were significantly less likely to re-offend in the 2-year follow-up period. Policy and practice implications for gender-responsive services as well as future directions for research are discussed. Anderson, V. R., *Walerych, B. M., Campbell, N. A., Barnes, A. R., Davidson, W. S., Campbell, C. A., Onifade, E., & Petersen, J. (2016). Gender-responsive intervention for female juvenile offenders: A quasi-experimental outcome evaluation. Feminist Criminology. 1557085116677749.
Gender and Adolescents’ Risk for Recidivism in Truancy Court.
Journal of Juvenile Justice
Anderson, V., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016) Gender and adolescents’ risk for recidivism in truancy court. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 93-110.
Juvenile Offenders and Experiences of Neglect: The Validity of the YLS/CMI with Dual-status Youth
Children and Youth Services Review
Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Anderson, V., Peterson, J., & Davidson, W. (2014). Juvenile offenders and experiences of neglect: The validity of the YLS/CMI with dual-status youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 112-119.
Assessing Interventions Needs of Juvenile Probationers: An Application of Latent Profile Analysis to a Risk Need Responsivity Assessment Model
Criminal Justice and Behavior
Campbell, C., *Papp, J. *Miller, W., Barnes, A. R., Onifade, E., & Anderson, V. (2019). Assessing interventions needs of juvenile probationers: An application of latent profile analysis to a risk need responsivity assessment model. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 46(1), 82-100.
Validity of Initial, Exit, and Dynamic Juvenile Risk Assessment: An Examination Across Gender and Race/ethnicity
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Risk assessments have been used in the juvenile justice system to predict future crime, identify youth needs, and inform case planning. Currently, the literature shows that juveniles are most often assessed when they enter court jurisdiction and this entry or initial risk assessment score is typically used to predict recidivism. The current study used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory to examine the predictive validity of initial, exit, and change in risk scores on a diverse sample (N = 360) of young probationers. This study is one of few attempts to determine the predictive accuracy of change in risk, and the first to investigate the comparative validity of initial and exit risk scores with a sample of young offenders. Exit and change in risk scores significantly predicted recidivism 1-year post probation, yet initial scores did not. Differential predictive validity across race and gender was not identified for the initial or exit risk scores. The importance of examining changes in risk over time was discussed. Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Anderson, V., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016). Validity of initial, exit, and dynamic juvenile risk assessment: An examination across race and gender. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 55(1), 21-38.
Females, Race, and Ethnicity in Prison
The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime
Barnes, A. R. (2019). Females, race, and ethnicity in prison. In The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118929803.ewac0192
Screening Offenders: The Exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: (YLS/CMI) Brief Screener.
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Although structured assessments have helped standardize juvenile court processes by systematically measuring risk for recidivism, it has been argued that some assessments lack the ability to perform as a brief screener. This study explored the potential for the original 42-item Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) risk assessment to perform as a brief screener for a sample of first-time juvenile offenders in a mid-western, industrialized county. Results indicated that the original and shortened version of the YLS/CMI significantly predicted two-year recidivism for male and female offenders. Implications for situationally targeted forms of risk assessment are discussed. Campbell, C., Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Peterson, J., Davidson, W., Anderson, V. & Gordon, D. (2014). Screening offenders: The exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) brief screener. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 53(1), 19-34.
The Differential Predictive Validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: the Role of Gender
Psychology, Crime & Law
Most criminogenic risk assessments are developed and empirically validated on samples of boys or samples comprised of mostly boys, and subsequently applied to girls. Using a sample of male (n = 1,267) and female (n = 453) probationers, the purpose of the current study was to examine the potentially differential performance of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) and the instrument’s eight domains for female juvenile offenders. Findings revealed gender differences in the predictive validity of the YLS/CMI in which girls scored significantly higher on the risk assessment, but recidivated at significantly lower rates than boys two years following the administration of the assessment. The predictive validity of the instrument was impacted by these gender differences in which the YLS/CMI total score was a better predictor of recidivism for boys (area under the curve (AUC) = .623) than girls (AUC = .565). The only subscales that significantly predicted recidivism for girls were the family (AUC = .607) and personality (AUC = .572) domains, whereas all of the subscales significantly predicted recidivism for boys. Directions for future research as well as gender-responsive assessment, programming, and policy implications are discussed. Anderson, V., Davidson, W., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Peterson, J. & Onifade, E. (2016). The differential predictive validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: The role of gender. Psychology, Crime and Law, 22(7), 666-677.
Predominantly White Institutions: Transition Programs to Address Academic Underpreparedness and Experiences of Discrimination.
Translational Issues in Psychological Sciences
Lee, J., & Barnes, A. R. (2015). Predominantly white institutions: Transition programs to address academic underpreparedness and experiences of discrimination. Translational Issues in Psychological Sciences, 1(4), 401-410.
Parental Divorce and Adolescent Delinquency: Ruling out the Impact of Common Genes.
Developmental Psychology
Burt, S.A., Barnes, A. R., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G. (2008). Parental divorce and adolescent delinquency: Ruling out the impact of common genes. Developmental Psychology, 44(6), 1668-1677.
Risk Assessment and Juvenile Justice: An Interaction Between Risk, Race, and Gender
Criminology & Public Policy
Campbell, C., *Papp, J. Barnes, A. R., Onifade, E., & Anderson, V. (2018). Risk assessment and juvenile justice: An interaction between risk, race, and gender. Criminology & Public Policy. 17(3), 525-545.
Gender-Responsive Intervention for Female Juvenile Offenders: A Quasi-Experimental Outcome Evaluation
Feminist Criminology
The increasing proportion of girls in the juvenile justice system has prompted courts to develop gender-responsive services. The present study examined data from a midsized county juvenile court to examine the effects of a group home intervention for girls. The study compared group home participants (n = 172) with girls who did not receive group home treatment (n = 814) using propensity score matching (PSM). Girls who received group home treatment were significantly less likely to re-offend in the 2-year follow-up period. Policy and practice implications for gender-responsive services as well as future directions for research are discussed. Anderson, V. R., *Walerych, B. M., Campbell, N. A., Barnes, A. R., Davidson, W. S., Campbell, C. A., Onifade, E., & Petersen, J. (2016). Gender-responsive intervention for female juvenile offenders: A quasi-experimental outcome evaluation. Feminist Criminology. 1557085116677749.
Disproportionate Minority Contact in the Juvenile Justice System: An Investigation of Racial Disparities at Program Referral
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice
Campbell, N. Barnes, A.R., *Mandalari, A. Onifade, E., Campbell, C., Anderson, V., Kashy, D. & Davidson, W. (2017) Disproportionate minority contact in the juvenile justice system: An investigation of racial disparities at program referral. Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 1-22.
Gender and Adolescents’ Risk for Recidivism in Truancy Court.
Journal of Juvenile Justice
Anderson, V., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016) Gender and adolescents’ risk for recidivism in truancy court. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 93-110.
Juvenile Offenders and Experiences of Neglect: The Validity of the YLS/CMI with Dual-status Youth
Children and Youth Services Review
Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Anderson, V., Peterson, J., & Davidson, W. (2014). Juvenile offenders and experiences of neglect: The validity of the YLS/CMI with dual-status youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 112-119.
Assessing Interventions Needs of Juvenile Probationers: An Application of Latent Profile Analysis to a Risk Need Responsivity Assessment Model
Criminal Justice and Behavior
Campbell, C., *Papp, J. *Miller, W., Barnes, A. R., Onifade, E., & Anderson, V. (2019). Assessing interventions needs of juvenile probationers: An application of latent profile analysis to a risk need responsivity assessment model. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 46(1), 82-100.
Validity of Initial, Exit, and Dynamic Juvenile Risk Assessment: An Examination Across Gender and Race/ethnicity
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Risk assessments have been used in the juvenile justice system to predict future crime, identify youth needs, and inform case planning. Currently, the literature shows that juveniles are most often assessed when they enter court jurisdiction and this entry or initial risk assessment score is typically used to predict recidivism. The current study used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory to examine the predictive validity of initial, exit, and change in risk scores on a diverse sample (N = 360) of young probationers. This study is one of few attempts to determine the predictive accuracy of change in risk, and the first to investigate the comparative validity of initial and exit risk scores with a sample of young offenders. Exit and change in risk scores significantly predicted recidivism 1-year post probation, yet initial scores did not. Differential predictive validity across race and gender was not identified for the initial or exit risk scores. The importance of examining changes in risk over time was discussed. Barnes, A. R., Campbell, N., Anderson, V., Campbell, C., Onifade, E., & Davidson, W. (2016). Validity of initial, exit, and dynamic juvenile risk assessment: An examination across race and gender. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 55(1), 21-38.
Females, Race, and Ethnicity in Prison
The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime
Barnes, A. R. (2019). Females, race, and ethnicity in prison. In The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118929803.ewac0192
Screening Offenders: The Exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: (YLS/CMI) Brief Screener.
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
Although structured assessments have helped standardize juvenile court processes by systematically measuring risk for recidivism, it has been argued that some assessments lack the ability to perform as a brief screener. This study explored the potential for the original 42-item Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) risk assessment to perform as a brief screener for a sample of first-time juvenile offenders in a mid-western, industrialized county. Results indicated that the original and shortened version of the YLS/CMI significantly predicted two-year recidivism for male and female offenders. Implications for situationally targeted forms of risk assessment are discussed. Campbell, C., Onifade, E., Barnes, A. R., Peterson, J., Davidson, W., Anderson, V. & Gordon, D. (2014). Screening offenders: The exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) brief screener. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 53(1), 19-34.
The Differential Predictive Validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: the Role of Gender
Psychology, Crime & Law
Most criminogenic risk assessments are developed and empirically validated on samples of boys or samples comprised of mostly boys, and subsequently applied to girls. Using a sample of male (n = 1,267) and female (n = 453) probationers, the purpose of the current study was to examine the potentially differential performance of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) and the instrument’s eight domains for female juvenile offenders. Findings revealed gender differences in the predictive validity of the YLS/CMI in which girls scored significantly higher on the risk assessment, but recidivated at significantly lower rates than boys two years following the administration of the assessment. The predictive validity of the instrument was impacted by these gender differences in which the YLS/CMI total score was a better predictor of recidivism for boys (area under the curve (AUC) = .623) than girls (AUC = .565). The only subscales that significantly predicted recidivism for girls were the family (AUC = .607) and personality (AUC = .572) domains, whereas all of the subscales significantly predicted recidivism for boys. Directions for future research as well as gender-responsive assessment, programming, and policy implications are discussed. Anderson, V., Davidson, W., Barnes, A. R., Campbell, C., Peterson, J. & Onifade, E. (2016). The differential predictive validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: The role of gender. Psychology, Crime and Law, 22(7), 666-677.
Predominantly White Institutions: Transition Programs to Address Academic Underpreparedness and Experiences of Discrimination.
Translational Issues in Psychological Sciences
Lee, J., & Barnes, A. R. (2015). Predominantly white institutions: Transition programs to address academic underpreparedness and experiences of discrimination. Translational Issues in Psychological Sciences, 1(4), 401-410.
Parental Divorce and Adolescent Delinquency: Ruling out the Impact of Common Genes.
Developmental Psychology
Burt, S.A., Barnes, A. R., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G. (2008). Parental divorce and adolescent delinquency: Ruling out the impact of common genes. Developmental Psychology, 44(6), 1668-1677.
Risk Assessment and Juvenile Justice: An Interaction Between Risk, Race, and Gender
Criminology & Public Policy
Campbell, C., *Papp, J. Barnes, A. R., Onifade, E., & Anderson, V. (2018). Risk assessment and juvenile justice: An interaction between risk, race, and gender. Criminology & Public Policy. 17(3), 525-545.
Gender-Responsive Intervention for Female Juvenile Offenders: A Quasi-Experimental Outcome Evaluation
Feminist Criminology
The increasing proportion of girls in the juvenile justice system has prompted courts to develop gender-responsive services. The present study examined data from a midsized county juvenile court to examine the effects of a group home intervention for girls. The study compared group home participants (n = 172) with girls who did not receive group home treatment (n = 814) using propensity score matching (PSM). Girls who received group home treatment were significantly less likely to re-offend in the 2-year follow-up period. Policy and practice implications for gender-responsive services as well as future directions for research are discussed. Anderson, V. R., *Walerych, B. M., Campbell, N. A., Barnes, A. R., Davidson, W. S., Campbell, C. A., Onifade, E., & Petersen, J. (2016). Gender-responsive intervention for female juvenile offenders: A quasi-experimental outcome evaluation. Feminist Criminology. 1557085116677749.
Disproportionate Minority Contact in the Juvenile Justice System: An Investigation of Racial Disparities at Program Referral
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice
Campbell, N. Barnes, A.R., *Mandalari, A. Onifade, E., Campbell, C., Anderson, V., Kashy, D. & Davidson, W. (2017) Disproportionate minority contact in the juvenile justice system: An investigation of racial disparities at program referral. Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 1-22.
Risk Assessment as a Mechanism for Reducing Differential Treatment of Minorities by a Juvenile Justice System
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice
Onifade, E., Barnes, A.R., Campbell, C, *Mandalari, A. (2019). Risk assessment as a mechanism for reducing differential treatment of minorities by a juvenile justice system. Journal of Ethnicity & Criminal Justice. 17(3), 203-227.
